Billabong Case Study – Business Course Material
Apr 11th
Executive Summary
Billabong Australia Limited is a public company which designs, produces and distributes surf gear in over 60 countries worldwide. The following report outlines the nature and sources of change for Billabong Australia Limited, describes the reasons for resistance to change and analysis the effective management of change by billabongs management.
Outline the nature and sources of change for billabong Australia limited
External Sources Of Change
The sale of $66 million of shares by billabongs original owners led to an investigation by ASIC and the ASX, this was a source of change because the sale led to a dramatic increase in the price of individual chares for Billabong. (See Appendix 3 for details of the matter concerning ASIC)
Financial Influences
The September 11 events which occurred in the US in 2001 and the IRAQ war owe a source of change because they caused the public to be discouraged from overseas travel and hence there was a reduction on the purchase of items generally bought for holidays (such as swimsuits) which Billabong primarily produces. This reduction in consumer spending consequently led to a loss of sales revenue for Billabong.
Geographic Influences
The season of winter in Australia and Europe in the year 2001 caused a slowing of sales because billabong primarily produces apparel for wear in the summer months.
Changing Nature of Markets
In the past few years, new target markets have appeared in parts of Europe such as Italy, and new distributors in the Middle East have also been discovered which has forced Billabong to alter its marketing strategies to its new target markets.
Structural Response to change
Billabong outsources the production and retailing of its surf ware to a variety of agencies worldwide. Billabong had decided to outsource to a variety of organizations as a response to changes in the external business environment. In addition to outsourcing, production and retailing; Billabong also outsources its E-Commerce operations (see E-commerce sections) and ambulance cover NSW.
Social Influences
Increased Media coverage at various sporting events in particular surfing events has provided change at Billabong, as it has caused it to sponsor more surfers to wear their surf gear in order for the brand to be more heavily recognized than other surf brands.
Internal Sources of Change
New Business Banker Cultures
Billabong was faced with the incorporation of new business cultures into its own as a result of its acquisition of Von Zipper, an eye wear brand and Element, which produces skate apparel.
New Systems and Procedures
As a result of the establishment of a new operations center in Brazil and the purchase of distribution business in Belgium and Germany, Billabong has been faced not only with financial costs, but the necessity to incorporate these new operations centers into their worldwide system of operations. The establishment of new product lines such ad the production of winter apparel (in particular jeans and hooded sweaters) has caused a change in the production procedures at billabong as well as marketing procedures.
E-Commerce
Although Billabong outsources its E-commerce operations to independent retail websites (as mentioned earlier) it plays a major part in which organizations are permitted to sell its products online. Billabong only outsources its E-commerce operations to online retailers who are familiar with billabongs range, and who they feel are trustworthy (see billabong.com)
Cultural Incompatibility In Mergers/Takeovers
When billabong acquired Element and Von Zipper there may have been a resistance to change by Billabongs staff, as they would have been reluctant to accept the new business cultures of Von Zipper and Element as their own. I may have been difficult to accept change by Billabong’s staff due to the prospect of having to make friends with new colleagues or take on new systems of doing things such as product productions.
Inertia of Managers and Owners
During the stage in which many of the changes were implemented at Billabong, the staff may have been reluctant to accept the changes (for example being forced to put more work into promotions for Billabong on its website as a result of accelerating technology). This reluctant is otherwise known as inertia. Staff may have felt inertia towards many of the changes being implemented that their job may be sacrificed (for example in the takeover of Element and Von Zipper). They may also have refused to co operate with plans and change felt inertia because they might have felt unable to cope with changing procedures, such as those implemented during the introduction of a new girls product line.
Financial Costs
In response to the various changes that Billabong was forced to cope with staff, in particular management may have resisted change due to the fact that it can be extremely expensive. For example, during the purchase of distribution business in Belgium and Germany management may have resisted change due to the considerable financial costs involved.
Additionally as a result of the acquisition of Von Zipper and Element there were significant financial costs involved in the retraining of staff so that they would be familiar with the new product which Billabong is now associated with.
Analyze the effective management of change by Billabong management
Response to external Influences
In response to the increase in the share price for Billabong, management has decided to implement various strategies to ensure that there is a sustained growth in share price in the future. This strategy is an effective one as it takes into account the future growth of the company.
As a result of the September 11 terrorist attacks and the Iraq war, Billabong has implemented strategies such as the development of exciting new products and extensive promotion through marketing efforts. These responses are effective in managing change as they have caused consumers to become interested in retail spending again and have consequently caused retail sales to rise dramatically.
As a consequence of slow sales due to poor seasons management increased its promotional efforts heavily worldwide.
As a result of the identification of new markets in Italy and Germany, Billabong has decided to do a significant amount of market research. This is an effective response to change as though doing extensive market research; Billabong will have a greater understanding of the target markets and will be able to tailor its marketing efforts accordingly.
In response to the structural change of outstanding that Billabong has implemented, Billabong has developed a supplier policy in which the companies to which Billabong outsourcers are evaluated once a year for their compliance with local laws and environmental regulations. This is an effective response to change because it makes sure that Billabong complies with its legal and ethical responsibilities in the communities in which it operates. It also gives Billabong a good name in both the community and worldwide.
In response to the growing trend of coverage of sporting events by particular Surf brands, Billabong has increased its sponsorship efforts significantly and also covered the Pro World Surfing Championships in Tahiti. Billabong also sponsors various high-profile surfers such as woman’s number one surfer Layne Beachely, Taj Burrow and Andy Irons. This management of change by Billabong is positive because it has led to increased promotion of the brand and hence led to higher sales revenue.
Management of Change in the Internal Business Environment
As a result of the acquisition of the brands Von Zipper and Element and incorporation of its own, management worked very hard to ensure that the fusion of the two cultures was as successful as possible. This was a successful management of change by Billabong as it ensured that the staffs were accepting of the new cultures and that operations were not compromised.
In response to the establishment of a new operations center in Brazil and purchase of distribution business in Germany and Belgium, Billabong ensured that it was heading the costs involved very closely. This is effective management of charge by Billabongs staff because it led to a decreased amount of loss through implementing charge and also has allowed a strong hold on the distributions in Europe for Billabongs products.
Due to the expansion of its girls product lines, Billabongs management appointed a director of girls branding, who is in charge of the girls surf ware and accessories. This is an encouraging management of change because it has allowed the promotion efforts of the new girls product line to be focused on which will hopefully lead to increased brand recognition and sales revenue. (see appendix 3 for details of the growth in sales of girls ware).
The response to the movement towards brand specific retail outlets and point of sale promotions, Billabong has recently announced its intention to open a Billabong/Element retail store on Broadway in New York’s Times Square (see appendix 1) This is a highly effective response to change as times square is one of the most prestigious places for a retail outlet to be situated and the recognition that the store (and its brand, Billabong) will receive will be enormous.
In response to the growing use of E-commerce to sell products worldwide, Billabong has outsourced its E-commerce operations to reliable online organizations. This is a significantly effective management of change by Billabong because it allows Billabong to concentrate on other aspects of business, while allowing its products to be sold by online retailers who specialize in E-commerce.
Effects of Accelerating Technology
As a result of a rapid increase in internet usage worldwide Billabong has been forced to expand its marketing operations into ones concerning the internet. Billabong has produced and constantly updates its primary website www.billabong.com, and also its corporate website www.billabongcorate.com to provide up-to-date information for its shareholders.
This management of change by Billabong is effective because it has led to increased brand recognition by consumers and provides up-to-date information for shareholders.
In Conclusion it is evident that the management and change by Billabong International Limited has been successful, this is due to a number of factors
The need for change was accurately identified and documented by management (see annual reports)
Goals were set by management regarding what they wished to achieve e.g. (budgeting for the establishment of a new operations center in Brazil allowed managers to carefully monitor their spending which led to a smaller than anticipated loss)
A culture of change was created within the business of billabong and staff were directly involved with the implementation of change.
Choosing a Business Location
Apr 11th
History
Jones G. Murrey decided to establish her business “Jones G. Murrey Chartered Robina Accountant” in October 1983, in her home in Marylands. Jones worked in her business at home with no other employees for 7 years before she decided to relocate 00. Jones also decided to establish her own business because buying out an existing business was not an option.
Initial Problems
The only problem that Jones had when establishing the business was a small problem with cash flow, which was one of the reasons why she decided to locate her business at home, which was more cost effective than buying or renting an expensive office. She started the business out of her own savings, and not by borrowing from a financial institution. Jones did not have a problem with obtaining clients as many of her clients were and still are close friends.
Why This Business Was Chosen
Jones says that she decided to choose this accounting business as she had studied and obtained a degree in accountancy at university, and because she had experience through working in an accounting firm for 23 years prior to starting up her own business. Another reason why Jones decided to set up her own business was because she is able to “be her own boss” and can make many decisions relating to the business. She also determines her working hours, and enjoys the job security that her business brings.
Why The Current Location Was Chosen
Jones chose this location because she needed to have an office space that accommodated more workers than her own home. Jones also moved her business away from home as she felt that she needed to separate her home and working lives. There was not much choice in the area, and because an office in was too expensive, she chose the Belvedere Apartments. The is a stylish, new complex that was not too expensive to buy into. There are many other accounting firms in this building, which makes for a very businesslike atmosphere. (see appendix (iii))
Advantages / Disadvantages Of This Location
According to Jones, there are many advantages of this location. These include:
• Close proximity to the local shopping centres for visibility
• Very good parking facilities for the business, easy access
• The complex is new, modern and stylish, with a great outlook of bushland, which creates a good working environment
• The apartment was not too expensive to purchase
• This complex is central to the area, which is where most of Jones’s clients live, so it is a convenient location for customers.
Jones claims that there are no disadvantages of this location, as this location is most probably the best one possible.
Whether They Will Stay
Jones believes that she will stay with this location, unless she decides to expand the business by moving into more financial planning services – which would require more study and employees, and would also require more working space to accommodate the business’s changing needs.
Industry Sector – Why the legal structure was chosen
Apr 11th
Industry Sector
MMGHB Chartered Account belongs to the Quaternary sector, as it is involved with the transfer and processing of information, particularly by collecting clients information, and processing it into tax returns and financial statements.
Legal Structure
The legal structure that MMGHB Chartered Accountant has is a sole trader, as Jones is the single owner of her business (proprietor).
Why This Legal Structure Was Chosen
Jones says that she chose this type of legal structure because it is the simplest type of structure, and it allows Jones to make many decisions relating to the business, giving her complete control, and it also has less government regulations than many other types of legal entities. She also chose this type of structure because she has many valuable skills such as management and finance which have contributed to the successful running of her business as a sole trader.
Possible Change To Legal Structure
According to Jones, there may be a change made to the legal structure of her business in the future. This is because she states that if she accidentally gave a client some unsatisfactory information, they might try to sue her. Changing her legal structure to a private company would give her limited liability and insurance to protect her against possible legal action.
Business Life Cycle Australia
Apr 11th
Position
MMGHB Chartered Accountant is currently positioned in the maturity stage of the business life cycle.
Challenges Associated With This Stage
The challenges of the maturity phase for MMGHB Chartered Accountant are staying responsive to changes in customer demands, and particularly Government regulations, as these can have an impact on the operation of the business. Currently, there is no problem with the operations of the business as Jones’s employees and herself all work together very well, says Jones.
Post – Maturity Renewal Phase
MMGHB Chartered Accountant has been identifying opportunities for new services. When Jones’s business reaches the post – maturity phase, it is expected that it will enter the renewal phase, as Jones is considering to move into the area of financial planning, which will bring even more clients.
Establishment Growth Maturity Post Maturity
Oval indicates position in the maturity phase.
Government Regulations
Apr 11th
There are many government regulations that have a considerable impact on the operations and running of MMGHB Chartered Accountant. They are made by both the Local, State and Federal Governments.
Since the business is involved mainly with accounting and business services, they have to keep up to date with many Government regulations as they change frequently, says Jones. This is so they can serve their clients with the most reliable information when producing tax returns and assistance with business services, but also for their own accounting.
According to Jones, the Federal Government affects this business by administering:
• GST changes – businesses with turnover greater than $50000 annually have to register for this tax, which relates to many of Jones’s clients (see appendix (vi)).
• Changes in laws relating to the way in which businesses must be run
• Changes in laws relating to tax returns – this changes Jones’s operations
• Changes in company / financial law
• Changes relating to when tax returns must be lodged, depending on entity type and income levels of the client/s.
• Changes to PAYE (Pay As You Earn), company, prescribed payments and fringe benefits taxes
• Changes relating to ownership of business and legal structure, as well as registration of business, as this relates to many of Jones’s client’s taxation situations
• Trade Practices Act (ACCC) – changes must be monitored, as aspects such as Jones’s prices she charges to her clients must be within these guidelines.
The State Government administers payroll and superannuation tax, both of which MMGHB Chartered Accountant have to comply with when producing tax returns, but also for their own accounting.
• Superannuation requires many of Jones’s clients to pay a percentage of an employee’s salary or wage into a super fund for retirement. This affects the way in which tax returns and other financial documents are calculated by the business.
• Payroll tax also affects the way in which tax returns are calculated by the business, as it is a tax that is levied on all employers who pay salaries, bonuses and wages, which is paid annually.
The local government (council, which is the French Wine Shire Council) also administers regulations relating to zoning, and where businesses can operate. Jones says that when she decided to move her business into the Belvedere Apartments, she had to apply to the local council, as they have regulations relating to where and how many businesses can be located in the Marylands area.
What is a digital Camera?
Apr 20th
Digital Camera
A camera that stores images digitally rather than recording them on film. Once a picture has been taken, it can be downloaded to a computer system, and then manipulated with a graphics program and printed. Unlike film photographs, which have an almost infinite resolution, digital photos are limited by the amount of memory in the camera, the optical resolution of the digitizing mechanism, and, finally, by the resolution of the final output device. Even the best digital cameras connected to the best printers cannot produce film-quality photos. However, if the final output device is a laser printer, it doesn’t really matter whether you take a real photo and then scan it, or take a digital photo. In both cases, the image must eventually be reduced to the resolution of the printer.
digital-camera
what is a scanner and ink jet printer?
Apr 20th
Scanner
A device that can read text or illustrations printed on paper and translate the information into a form the computer can use. A scanner works by digitizing an image — dividing it into a grid of boxes and representing each box with either a zero or a one, depending on whether the box is filled in. (For color and gray scaling, the same principle applies, but each box is then represented by up to 24 bits.) The resulting matrix of bits, called a bit map, can then be stored in a file, displayed on a screen, and manipulated by programs.
Ink jet-
A type of printer that works by spraying ionized ink at a sheet of paper. Magnetized plates in the ink’s path direct the ink onto the paper in the desired shapes. Ink-jet printers are capable of producing high quality print approaching that produced by laser printers. A typical ink-jet printer provides a resolution of 300 dots per inch, although some newer models offer higher resolutions.
Laser printer
A type of printer that utilizes a laser beam to produce an image on a drum. The light of the laser alters the electrical charge on the drum wherever it hits. The drum is then rolled through a reservoir of toner, which is picked up by the charged portions of the drum. Finally, the toner is transferred to the paper through a combination of heat and pressure. This is also the way copy machines work.
laser printer
LCD Monitor
Apr 20th
LCD Monitor
Abbreviation of liquid crystal display, a type of display used in digital watches and many portable computers. LCD displays utilize two sheets of polarizing material with a liquid crystal solution between them. An electric current passed through the liquid causes the crystals to align so that light cannot pass through them. Each crystal, therefore, is like a shutter, either allowing light to pass through or blocking the light.
Monochrome LCD images usually appear as blue or dark gray images on top of a grayish-white background. Color LCD displays use two basic techniques for producing color: Passive matrix is the less expensive of the two technologies. The other technology, called thin film transistor (TFT) or active-matrix, produces color images that are as sharp as traditional CRT displays, but the technology is expensive. Recent passive-matrix displays using new CSTN and DSTN technologies produce sharp colors rivaling active-matrix displays. Most LCD screens used in notebook computers are backlit to make them easier to read.
LCD-Monitor
Computer Devices
Apr 20th
Devices
peripheral device-
A computer device, such as a CD-ROM drive or printer, that is not part of the essential computer, i.e., the memory and microprocessor. Peripheral devices can be external — such as a mouse, keyboard, printer, monitor, external Zip drive or scanner — or internal, such as a CD-ROM drive, CD-R drive or internal modem. Internal peripheral devices are often referred to as integrated peripherals.
input device –
Any machine that feeds data into a computer. For example, a keyboard is an input device, whereas a display monitor is an output device. Input devices other than the keyboard are sometimes called alternate input devices. Mice, trackballs, and light pens are all alternate input devices.
Output Devices –
Any machine capable of representing information from a computer. This includes display screens, printers, plotters, and synthesizers
storage device –
A device capable of storing data. The term usually refers to mass storage devices, such as disk and tape drives
CRT Monitor
- Abbreviation of cathode-ray tube, the technology used in most televisions and computer display screens. A CRT works by moving an electron beam back and forth across the back of the screen. Each time the beam makes a pass across the screen, it lights up phosphor dots on the inside of the glass tube, thereby illuminating the active portions of the screen. By drawing many such lines from the top to the bottom of the screen, it creates an entire screen full of images.
computer-devices
The Machine Cycle
Apr 20th
The Machine Cycle –
The time period during which one instruction is fetched from memory and executed when a computer is given an instruction in machine language. There are typically four stages of an instruction cycle that the CPU carries out:
1. Fetch the instruction from memory. This step brings the instruction into the instruction register, a circuit that holds the instruction so that it can be decoded and executed.
2. Decode the instruction.
3. Read the effective address from memory if the instruction has an indirect address.
4. Execute the instruction.
Steps 1 and 2 are called the fetch cycle and are the same for each instruction. Steps 3 and 4 are called the execute cycle and will change with each instruction.
- Three devices that use microprocessors are the Play station 2, Microsoft X Box and the Nintendo game cube.
Facing Reality in the business world
Apr 20th
Facing Reality
Facing reality has been depicted in a variety of ways, sometimes the outcome of it is positive and some other times it can become negative or perhaps in a specific situation a mixture of both can occur. These situations can be good or bad depending on what position they are in. Facing reality is tough and these situations can be seen in the novel “After the First Death”, the film “the Sixth Sense”, short story “Aquifer” and the poem “Out Out”. All these text contains characters which faces a negative or a positive reality and all deal with it in their own unique way, even though not been successful in all circumstances.
In the novel “After the First Death” the characters are faced with many realities. These can be seen when Kate, who’s a teenage situation is put in the situation of a hijack. The reality she faces here is negative, unpleasant and horrible. She faces the fact that she is in a hostage situation and having to face that it’s not a dream and it’s happening to her. She is scared and the negative impact here is great. Mark Marchand, who was the leading general of the US army faces a negative reality because he has sent his only son to a mission where he knew that he would not be able to easily come back to. Even he knew this piece of information he continues without hesitation. When he had found out that he had done wrong he could have opted for life insurance cover to make sure the hijackers didnt get him, it was already too late for him and he had lost his son to the hijackers. Miro who was the young hijackers faces a negative and a positive reality. Negative when he is ordered to kill the driver, although he hesitated and thinks he is weak because of that, he also faces a positive reality when the mission is failed, he is able to escape and survives another day.
In the movie the Sixth Sense, Cole faces a negative reality because can see the dead and they are forcing him to carry out their wishes. Cole refuses to help them and as a punishment he is physically abused. He also faces a positive reality because with his unique ability he helps out a girl to reveal about the truth of her death to the father and lets the girl rest in peace. Malcolm faces a negative reality because he hadn’t realized his own death. When he does find out he faces the fact that he had died quite awhile and he had not known the whole time. He faces the reality that he could never be with his wife anymore, to be with and to care for her. He finds out the reason why his wife always ignore him and that she is always distant or angry at him. He also faces the reality he has to go because he has done all the things he had needed to do before going away to another life.
In the short story “Aquifer” the boy faces a negative reality. This is due to the fact that he saw Alan Mannering drown and he had not say a word to anyone. He did not inform the police and had just left him there to die. Even though it has been so long he still remembers the day and everything he sees reflects upon his death, something so simple like water shooting of the ground. He totally sees it differently and somehow relates it to his death. Alan Mannering faces a negative reality due to the fact that he was going to die and that the boy would not help him and that no one would ever find out where he was or whatever happened to him.
In the poem “Out Out” the boy faces a negative reality. He loses his arm to a chainsaw and believes that he would die. He loses his arm which means if he lived he would be a paraplegic for the rest of his life and won’t be able to do normal things like everyone else. The doctor in the story faces a negative reality because they boy had come to him and the doctor was unable to save him. Therefore he couldn’t be able to save another life. The sister of the boy faces a negative reality because she has to face that he will never be around anymore and that there was nothing she could do at the time of the accident makes her feel guilty. She also has to put up with his death and that she has to live on happily without him.
Reality has its effects on everyone, through negative where the situation is horrific for the character or positive when they have an advantage of some sort on their side. Either way their outcomes are always determined by their actions.
Great Depression Diary Entry
Apr 20th
10th September 1932
Today I woke up and found police knocking at my door, I opened the door and found a fat police man, who said I was going to be evicted from my house, A fight broke out and I knocked the policeman to the ground. 10 minutes later 5 police men with battens started attacking me, They carried all my belongings out side onto the sidewalk and they blocked the doors so I couldn’t re-enter.
12th September 1932
I woke up and decided to sell all my possessions and then jump the rattler to find work in Northern NSW. When I arrived at the station I found some other men who were planning to do the same thing as I was. The train slowly departed the station and started to gain a bit of speed. I made an attempt to jump and made it. Another man attempted but failed and copped a face full of dirt. I later found that this train was heading for Coffs Harbour.
13th September 1932
We had being travelling for several hours now, I had being talking to another evictee, he said that their was profitable work at Coffs Harbour working on a fishing rig. He had a cousin who was a worker on the rig and he assured me I could get a job there.
14th September 1932
I arrived at Coffs Harbour station and found my self in the middle of no where. The guy I met on the train had hitched a ride on the back on a truck and I was stuck with walking the 5 plus miles to the dock. My walking shoes had barely enough sole on them to reach 2 miles little alone 5 miles, so I decided to ditch them. I finally made it to the Rig after 2 hours of walking. I inquired about working for the rig and they gave me the job.
29th September 1932
I had being working on the rig for 15 days now and I started getting a sore back carrying the big loads of fish every day, so I decided to give the job in. Later that day I found relief work, working for the government making roads from Coffs Harbour to Brisbane. Before I started that job I had to purchase some new working boots with my new found money.
Facing Reality Robert Frost
Apr 16th
For most people facing reality is a very difficult experience, rather than accepting a situation most of the characters deny the truth. In the three texts the theme of facing reality is prominent in “After the First Death” by Robert Cormier, “The Sixth Sense” staring Bruce Willace and “Out, Out” by Robert Frost. In this essay some topics to be discussed will be the issue of not knowing if you’re going to live or die, not belonging to a country and seeing ghosts are some of the points that will be discovered in the essay.
Kate and the children
In the novel “After the First Death” Kate and the children are forced to face the reality if the were going to live or die. The same feelings of death would have been felt by the sister of the girl who is poisoned by her mother who is suffering from Munchausen’s disease in the movie “The Sixth Sense”. Even thought Kate has absolutely no training with children, she fights on and attends to their needs. To survive Kate also uses her sexual appeal to try and seduce Miro. Kate also feels very scared and wets her pants in several situations an example of Kate acting distressed, scared and fearing of her life is when she uses the quote “your holding us hostage and you’ve made your demands, your going to hold us here until the demands are made”
Bens Farther
Bens farther is forced to feel the guilt of sending his only son into the terrorists without considering the fact that he could be killed easily, Ben and his farther also have to face the reality that they have never been close and Ben uses the quote “But how many times is a person aloud to die” referring to his relationship with his farther.
Miro
Miro has to face the reality that his only brother was killed not long ago when he was fighting in a war as a soldier. Miro also reveals that he has had a very difficult upbringing, his parents died at a young age and he and Miro and his older brother were forced to fend for them selves, they stayed in hostels and refugee camps where people stole their belongings and Miro was then forced into a life of steeling and terrorism just to survive, he also realises that he is he belongs to no country and feels very rejected by this. Miro has to confront the fact that he is a first time terrorist and he is very vulnerable to Kate who tries to seduce Miro.
Cole and Malcolm
In the movie “The Sixth Sense” Cole has to face the reality that he is different from every one else because he is haunted by ghosts everyday. Malcolm is sent to help Cole to understand the ghosts, even thought Malcolm is dead he doesn’t realize it until the end of the movie. The same feelings are felt by the boy who dies in “Out, Out” who has to face the reality that he is going to dies so young. Even though Cole doesn’t want to face the reality that he can see the ghosts he has to confront them and attend to the wants.
Coles Mother
Cole’s mother has to face the reality that her son is acting very strange and she always blames Cole for things that he doesn’t do like taking the bumble bee pendant when he doesn’t. She also finds it very strange that the curbed doors are always open when she returns to the kitchen. Cole’s mother also has to face the reality that she has been so mean and angry with Cole and in the end she realizes he can actually see ghosts because he tells his mother about the singing residual when she was young and Coles mother is dumbfounded by this.
The Sister and Brother
The sister of the boy in the poem “Out, Out” has to face the reality that she has killed her brother because she called “supper” and this distracted him and the chainsaw jumped and cut of his hand. The brother also has to face the reality that he started of sawing wood on such a peaceful day and then having the face the fact that he is going to die at such a young age and he feels as though he is to young to be doing a mans job. The same feelings of not knowing if your are going to make it to the next day would have been felt by Kate in “After the First Death”.
Overall all the characters face reality in different ways from Cole who has to face the reality of seeing ghosts when no other child does. To Kate who has to face the reality of wondering if she was going to survive to the next day and the girl in the poem “out, out” who has to face the reality of distracting her brother who is then killed. Thought in the end the characters all eventually fight their way out of the troublesome situations to be happy again.
English Essay Quotes
Apr 16th
Poetry
Poems for the essay are,
“Summer Rain” – Written by John Foulcher
Quotes from “Summer Rain” –
“Cars clutter on the high way like abacus beads” referring to how much traffic there is on the highway.
“Harry Wood” – Written by John Foulcher
Quotes from “Harry Wood” –
“stares at the dark window” – shows how he conveys an image of death and lifelessness.
Back up poem,
If there is a question on environmental issues,
“For The Fire” – Written by John Foulcher
Quotes from “For the Fire”- “pouring blood, its legs arched” – shows signs of death and lifelessness.
Artwork
“The Conciliation” – Created by Benjamin Duterrau
1840
“The National Picture” – Created by Geoff Parr
1985
Magazine Article
“My favorite place” written by Barry Slade
quotes from “My Favorite Place” – “The range is remote – the closest settlement is cape Crawford a roadhouse 10 km away”, “I caught a glimpse’s of diamond doves, finches, spinifex pigeons and stealth lizards” referring to how diverse and wonderful the creatures of the area are.
Critical Review of a Essay Paper
Apr 16th
Rationale
The reasons for the study contained in the paper cited above being carried out are mainly centred around interest that chemical cues play a very important role in anuran avoidance of predators,
Negative Features
Although there are various positive features contained in the paper cited, there are also various negative aspects of the paper which may potentially have impacted upon the final results obtained. Firstly,
Contributions To Our Scientific Knowledge
Although there are significant detrimental aspects of the paper cited, the implications of the research presented are such that it is now evident that chemical cues play a significant role in avoidance of the predators of toads. Since predation by the snakes used in this experiment upon the species of toads used determines the survival and therefore evolution of the juvenile toads, evidently there is a connection between the utilization of chemical cues by the toads and continuation of the species. This is therefore a contribution to scientific knowledge because (reference).
There is a substantial amount of further research that could be conducted, further to the results obtained in this paper. For example, the authors only used two different species of juvenile toad, Bufo cognatus and Bufo microscaphus and analysed their responses to the scent of two types of snakes, Thamnophis Radix and Thamnophis Elegans. Further research could involve testing the responses of juvenile toads of other species, against the same species or different species of snake (as long as they are a known predator of the toads).
As it is noted above that the experiment conducted in the paper cited may be flawed due to being unrepresentative of true environmental conditions and how these impact upon the behaviour of the toads used in the experiment. To improve this factor, a subsequent experiment could be conducted in which many of the environmental variables have not been removed. For example, the experiment could be conducted in the toads natural environment to ensure that the results obtained are feasible.